Establishing normative values for 18-35 years age in neuropsychological tests used with head and brain injury patients during cognitive rehabilitation: Benton Visual Retention Test and National Adult Reading Test

The Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT) is a neuropsychological assessment of visuo-spatial and visuo-memory ability. Claims of high reliability and validity are based on solitary samples representative of a wide age range. This study validated theBVRTagainst the National Adult Reading Test (NART), a highly validated and reliable test of estimated pre-morbid IQ in an age-specific group of participants (18-35 years). Using Between-subjects factorial design, fifty-three participants (24 female, 29 male) aged 18-35 years (inclusive) were administered the NART and 3 administrations of the BVRT. Significant positive correlations were found betweenBVRTError scores and NART Error scores for administrations B and C of theBVRTwhich is when presented stimuli are followed by a short time delay before allowing respondents to recall. Significant negative correlations were found over these administrations forBVRTCorrect scores and NART Error scores. No significant relationship was found between depression and performance on theBVRT. However, a weak, non-significant relationship was found between anxiety andBVRTperformance. The BVRTis a well-validated and highly reliable neuropsychological test of visuo-spatial and visuo-memory abilities. Findings provide new data for the 18-35 years age group as well as providing a cautionary note on the possible influence of anxiety on performance levels in light of the frequent occurrence of anxiety post-neurological injury

Web assisted teaching: an undergraduate experience

The emergence of the Internet has created a number of claims as to the future of education and the possibility of dramatically changing the way in which education is delivered. Much of the attention has focussed on the adoption of teaching methods that are solely web-based. We set out to incorporate web-based teaching as support for more traditional teaching methods to improve the learning outcomes for students. This first step into web-based teaching was developed to harness the benefits of web-based teaching tools without supplanting traditional teaching methods. The aim of this paper is to report our experience with web-assisted teaching in two undergraduate courses, Accounting Information Systems and Management Accounting Services, during 2000. The paper evaluates the approach taken and proposes a tentative framework for developing future web-assisted teaching applications. We believe that web-assisted and web-based teaching are inevitable outcomes of the telecommunications and computer revolution and that academics cannot afford to become isolated from the on-line world. A considered approach is needed to ensure the integration of web-based features into the overall structure of a course. The components of the course material and the learning experiences students are exposed to need to be structured and delivered in a way that ensures they support student learning rather than replacing one form of learning with another. Therefore a careful consideration of the structure, content, level of detail and time of delivery needs to be integrated to create a course structure that provides a range of student learning experiences that are complimentary rather than competing. The feedback was positive from both extramural (distance) and internal students, demonstrating to us that web sites can be used as an effective teaching tool in support of more traditional teaching methods as well as a tool for distance education. The ability to harness the positives of the web in conjunction with more traditional teaching modes is one that should not be overlooked in the move to adopt web based instruction methods. Web-based teaching need not be seen as an all or nothing divide but can be used as a useful way of improving the range and type of learning experiences open to students. The Web challenges traditional methods and thinking but it also provides tools to develop innovative solutions to both distance and on campus learning. Further research is needed to determine how we can best meet the needs of our students while maintaining high quality learning outcomes

Temperature dependence of surface stress across an order-disorder transition: p(1x2)O/W(110)

Strain relaxations of a p(1x2) ordered oxygen layer on W(110) are measured as a function of temperature across the disordering transition using low-energy electron diffraction. The measured strains approach values of 0.027 in the [1-10] and -0.053 in the [001] direction. On the basis of the measured strain relaxations, we give quantitative information on temperature-dependent surface stress using the results of ab initio calculations. From the surface formation energy for different strains, determined by first-principles calculations, we estimate that surface stress changes from -1.1 for the ordered phase to -0.2N/m for the disordered one along [1-10], and from 5.1 to 3.4 N/m along [001]. Moreover, our observation that the strains scale inversely with domain size confirms that the strain relaxation takes place at the domain boundaries.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Load management of heat pumps using phase change heat storage

In the UK, heat pumps are often promoted as the means to provide low-carbon space heating and hot water for future dwellings as the electricity supply decarbonises. However, a major issue with growing heat pump use would be the additional load that this could place on the electrical network at times of peak heat and power demand. A means to alleviate potential demand problems is to stagger the operating times of heat pumps by integrating them with thermal buffering. However, focusing on the domestic sector, substantial volumes of thermal storage would be required to achieve the necessary level of operational flexibility in heat pumps and this poses a particular problem in the UK where the floor areas of urban dwellings are small. Thermal storage featuring phase change material (PCM) offers the potential of more volumetrically efficient heat buffering, which may be more suitable for integration into domestic heating systems. In this paper, the potential to shift the operating time of heat pumps integrated with phasechange- material-enhanced thermal storage is assessed and compared to conventional hot water storage, where the limits of flexible operation are determined by the comfort and hot water needs of the end-user. The results indicate that the use of PCM-enhanced thermal storage can reduce the volume of the buffering required for load shifting by up to 3 times. However, thermal buffering with load shifting can increase heat pump energy demand and (at present) in the UK results in increased emissions and cost penalties for the end user

Hadza women's time allocation, offspring provisioning, and the evolution of long postmenopausal life spans

Journal ArticleExtended provisioning of offspring and long postmenopausal life spans are characteristic of all modern humans but no other primates. These traits may have evolved in tandem. Analysis of relationships between women's time allocation and children's nutritional welfare among the Hadza of northern Tanzania yields results consistent with this proposition. Implications for current thought about the evolution of hominid food sharing, life history, and social organization are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR

Hadza children's foraging: juvenile dependency, social arrangement and mobility among hunter-gatherers

Journal ArticlePresents a study on the foraging activities of Hadza children in Tanzania, Africa. Success of children's foraging; Determinants of children's foraging; Monitoring of the activities of children; Near-camp foraging return rates; Variables underlying the patterns of foraging

Meteor light curves: the relevant parameters

We investigate a uniform sample of 113 light curves (LCs) of meteors collected at the Wise Observatory in November 2002 while observing the Leonid meteor shower. We use previously defined descriptors such as the skewness F and a recently defined pointedness parameter along with a number of other measurable or derived quantities to explore the parameter space in search of meaningful LC descriptors. We make extensive use of statistical techniques to reveal links among the variables and to understand their relative importance. In particular, we show that meteors with long-duration trails rise slowly to their maximal brightness and also decay slowly from there while showing milder flaring than other meteors. Early skewed LCs show a fast rise to the peak. We show that the duration of te luminous phase of the meteor is th emost important variable differentiating among the 2002 LCs. The skewness parameter F appears only as the 2nd or 3rd in explaining the LC variance. We suggest that the pointedness parameter P could possibly be useful to discriminate among meteors from different showers, or to compare observations and model predictions.Comment: 10 pages (2 figures) in press with MNRA

Improving the post-meal experience of hospitalised patients with eating disorders using visuospatial, verbal and somatic activities

BACKGROUND: This study compares the effects of different cognitive tasks on post-meal negative affect, positive affect, intrusive thoughts and intrusive images of hospitalised patients with eating disorders. METHODS: Twenty-five participants were recruited from an eating disorder service. Using a within-subjects design, participants performed one of the following tasks for 15 min: the game 'Tetris' (visuospatial), a general knowledge 'Quiz' (verbal), 'Braille' translation (somatic) and 'Sitting Quietly' (control). In total, participants completed each task on three occasions. RESULTS: The visuospatial, verbal and somatic tasks had beneficial effects on all positive and negative indicators, when compared with 'Sitting Quietly'. Visuospatial and somatic tasks were more effective at reducing intrusive imagery than the verbal task. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that certain engaging activities can help hospitalised patients with eating disorders manage the difficult post-meal period